Conclusion: Environmentally Sustainable in UK

 

Environmentally sustainable transport in the UK

Transport systems are the largest emitters of greenhouse gases, accounting for 23 percent of the world's energy-related GHG emissions in 2004, with around three quarters coming from road vehicles. Currently, 95% of transport energy comes from petroleum. Energy is used in the manufacture as well as in the use of vehicles and is part of transport infrastructure, including highways, bridges, and railways.


New York City has an astonishing 5,900 buses with over 2.69 million riders every weekday (NYC Statistics). Lansing on the other has 90 percent of its people riding in personal vehicles. One bus of people is six times more efficient than a car with one person in it. (Weiner, Edward). Taking public transit saves an average household over $6,000 on automobile expenses per year (Victoria Transport Planning Institute). The Michigan Avenue Corridor can adopt this bus use idea very easily, and by doing so they also help lower the unemployment rate. U.S. fleet of light trucks and vehicles account for a little more than one-fifth of the total U.S. carbon dioxide emissions (National Research Council). By placing more bus stops along the Corridor and by offering a wide variety of riding plans, we can change the rising health problems that come from the use of trucks, cars, and vans. Traffic crashes continue to be one of the largest causes of deaths and disabilities for people aged 1-44 years (Committee on Toxicological and Performance Aspects of Oxygenated Motor Vehicle Fuels, National Research Council). Public transportations are 170 times safer than riding in a vehicle (Driver Safety). It’s reported in New York for every 10,000 commuters who leave their cars at home and commute on an existing public transportation service for one year, end up saving around 2.7 million gallons of gasoline (American Public Transportation Association). The continued use of buses as transportation in New York City has proven to help out in every standing aspect. If Lansing could establish a more rigid bus attitude and help to develop more situations where people could ride a bus instead of drive their own car, the changes would be enormous. The Michigan Avenue Corridor is the perfect place to apply this plan and help to cut back on the individual use of vehicles. When trying to fix urban transportation problems there are many possible solutions, but the biggest of which is “Improving public transportation” (Asmaa Ait Boubkr, Gaboune Brahim, and Avel-Li’ Blasco Esteve). New York City is giving us the numbers and the example, it’s now necessary to implement these views into the Michigan Avenue Corridor. The environmental impacts of transport can be reduced by improving the walking and cycling environment in cities, and by enhancing the role of public transport, especially electric rail.

Green vehicles are intended to have a less environmental impact than similar conventional vehicles, but this may not be the case if the environmental impact of a vehicle is measured over its life cycle. Electric vehicle technology has the ability to minimize transport CO2 emissions, depending on the vehicle's energy and the source of electricity. Hybrid vehicles, which use an internal combustion engine coupled with an electric motor to achieve better fuel efficiency than a standard combustion engine, are already popular. Natural gas is also used as a means of transport. Biofuels are less popular and less promising technologies; Brazil met 17 percent of its transport fuel needs from bioethanol in 2007, but the OECD warned that the performance of biofuels in Brazil is attributable to unique local circumstances; globally, biofuels are expected to have little or no effect on greenhouse emissions at substantially higher costs than energy efficiency initiatives.

There is a sliding scale of green transport in practice, depending on the feasibility of the alternative. Green vehicles are more fuel-efficient, but only relative to regular vehicles, and they also lead to traffic congestion and road accidents.

Well-sponsored public transit networks based on conventional diesel buses consume less fuel per passenger than private vehicles and are usually safer and use less road space than private vehicles. Green public transit vehicles, including electric trains, trams, and electric buses, combine the benefits of green vehicles with those of sustainable transport. Cycling and other human-powered vehicles and animal-powered transport are other transport alternatives with very low environmental impacts. Walking is the most popular choice of green transport with the least environmental effects.






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